Resilience and socio-demographic characteristics: Results from a large cross-sectional study in Japan

This study examines the relationship between resilience (as measured by Hirano's Bidimensional Resilience Scale) and socio-demographic characteristics among 3,779 Japanese adults. From the results of the robust, multivariate, multiple regression analysis, we observed a significant positive correlation between: a) specific socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, education level, and household income) and innate and acquired resilience; b) specific socio-demographic characteristics (squared term of age, employment status, and the number of children) and innate factors, which suggests that influence of socio-demographic characteristics changes resilience factors. Based on these findings, we recommend that future studies use the socio-demographic characteristics as confounding factors of resilience.