Industrial hempseed oil and lipids: Processing and properties

Since ancient times, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has taken an important place in human development, using it as a source of food, oil, fiber, and medicine. Despite its resemblance to the narcotic/medical type of Cannabis, industrial hemp contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in traces and has no psychoactive effect. Industrial hempseeds are primarily used to obtain high-quality hempseed oil. In addition to the usual processes for oil production, cold pressing, and solvent extraction (n-hexane), some innovative green processes (ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction) are being investigated to increase oil yield and eliminate residual solvents from oil cakes. In addition to essential fatty acids, linoleic and alpha-linoleic, hempseed oil is also rich in minor bioactive compounds, including tocopherols, polyphenols, phytosterols, and carotenoids that contribute to the nutritional value of the oil. Despite that, the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the presence of chlorophylls affect the poor oxidative stability of hempseed oil.