Instrumentation techniques for radiation dosimetry by using luminescence spectroscopy techniques

This paper describes the comparison of techniques, instruments, and methods used in luminescence dating and environmental dosimetry in many laboratories in India and around the world. These techniques are based on two phenomena thermally stimulated luminescence and optically stimulated luminescence. The most commonly used luminescence stimulation and detection techniques are reviewed in this paper. Recent developments in instrument design and on the state of the art in luminescence measurements and analysis are also discussed. Numerous instruments such as ionization chambers, hand-held and pocket dosimeters of various types, film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters, and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters are used to measure and monitor radiation in medical and other applications. This article also evaluates recent research and advancements in the applications of photonic devices in medical radiation detection primarily focusing on four types: (1) photodiodes including light-emitting diodes, (2) phototransistors including metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, (3) photovoltaic sensors/solar cells, and (4) charge coupled device (CCD) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras. A comprehensive analysis of the operating principles and recent technologies of these devices is performed. Further, critical evaluation and comparison of their benefits and limitations as dosimeters are done based on the available studies. Luminescence materials for the application of dosimetry applications have been listed and discussed in the further discussion in this paper. Comparison of the different properties that are competent for the dosimetry application of the materials is emphasized. In the instrumentation part, homemade setup to measure thermoluminescence is discussed with their technical specifications.