Innovative in vivo imaging techniques in dermatology

As a result of advances in the development of medical imaging, the toolbox of dermatological imaging in the XXI. century expanded considerably. In addition to the histological examination that is currently the gold standard in diagnostics, a number of noninvasive imaging methods have emerged in recent decades that have become part of the clinical and preclinical practice. The characteristics of many dermatological diseases have been described in vivo studies with commercially available devices. The authors summarize the principles of terahertz imaging, photoacoustic imaging, reflectance and autofluorescence imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, and nonlinear microscopy, as well as the in vivo dermatological results and clinical applications of these modalities.