Low-cost adsorbent biomaterials for the remediation of inorganic and organic pollutants from industrial wastewater: Eco-friendly approach

Wastewater from different sources, i.e., industrial, agricultural, and domestic sectors always demand cost-effective treatment methods due to the presence of toxic chemicals in the form of heavy metals and dyes particularly. Among the various available options of treatment, adsorption technology proved to be the most effective one to purify the organic and inorganic pollutants from the wastewater. The present chapter highlights different low-cost biomaterials as adsorbents as well as their adsorption phenomenon for noxious pollutants remediation from agricultural waste residues, activated carbon prepared from different types of agricultural waste, green synthesis-based adsorbents, and microbial-based adsorbent derivatives. Recent research initiatives on the part of nanotechnology for binding these biomolecules to nanoparticles (NPs) and applications of the biosynthesized NPs as water purification systems are also discussed with their challenges and prospects. Also, this work intends to bring out the in-depth knowledge of the subject, challenges in the way forward, prosperity and adsorption efficiency of selective biomaterials along with the future perspectives.