Elimination of Praziquantel-Resistant Dipylidium caninum with Nitroscanate in a Mixed-Breed Dog: a Novel Application of Capsule Endoscopy

Abstract Background Praziquantel is the drug of choice for treating Dipylidium caninum in dogs; however, resistance is possible. Methods Microscopy was used to identify Dipylidium spp. segments and capsule endoscopy visualized adult tapeworms within the intestinal tract. Results An 18-month-old spayed female terrier mix was presented due to diarrhea, hematochezia, and weight loss. The dog received appropriate anthelmintic therapy for Giardia spp., Ancylostoma spp., and Dipylidium spp. The dog’s clinical signs resolved, and elimination of Ancylostoma spp. was confirmed by subsequent fecal analysis. However, Dipylidium spp. segments were repeatedly present in the stool. Observation of the segments under light microscopy confirmed the presence of adult Dipylidium spp. Several medications, including flea treatments, praziquantel, and epsiprantel, were unsuccessful in eliminating the organism. A single dose of nitrosconate was administered and eliminated Dipylidium spp. infection in the dog. Conclusions Nitrosconate can be a safe and effective treatment for praziquantel-resistant dipylidiasis in dogs. The novel application of capsule endoscopy confirmed anthelmintic efficacy.