Contamination and impacts of metals and metalloids on agro-environment

Increasing population growth has led to the issue of food scarcity which in turn adversely affects the economic development of any nation especially developing countries. This has also intermittent the landman ratio. To fulfill the need for a high population demand for food produces increased, organic and inorganic fertilizer amendments came into existence. Inorganic fertilizer amendments exhibit fast nutrient availability but incorrect use of this brought imbalance that will obstruct the availability of other nutrients and acidity of soil and eventually low productivity. However, organic amendments are slow in their result or activity, so nutrient immobilization can be seen before mineralization. Agricultural produce can face starvation at an early stage but organic fertilizer amendment is very good for a long time and free from any toxicity. The main source of contamination of agriculture is due to wastewater. Other activities like, Industrialization, transportation, urbanization, and other developmental are contaminating air, water, and soil by the release of many metals and metalloids in form of a toxic complex. So, deposition of these toxic metals and metalloids in the agro-environment has emerged as a new unpreventable source of transboundary contamination of nutrients and toxic metals and metalloids are getting settled at different surfaces mainly on agricultural produce. The toxicity of metals and metalloids is very severe even they are in very small doses. So this chapter will tell you the sources of toxic metals and metalloids as well as their mechanism of absorption by plants from soil and their impact on different domains especially on plants hindrance with sustainability goals of agriculture and future perspective and recommendations. Also, this chapter shares out the remedial aspects of these metals and metalloids contaminants done through microbes and plants.