Physics of photonic crystals and applications

Photonic crystals have remained a rich ground for scientific efforts all around the world. Conceptual underpinnings, technological manufacturing, and experimental analysis of photonic crystals have all grown substantially in the previous few years. Periodic refractive-index fluctuation in two or three spatial dimensions with a huge high, low ratio causes a number of intriguing phenomena that may be used to create a number of devices. This chapter serves as a quick primer on the same fundamental concept, properties, and applications of photonic crystals.