Matrix vesicle-inspired platelet membrane vesicles for biomineralization of dentin tubules

Abstract Objectives This work aims to propose a kind of platelet membrane-derived vesicle (PMVs) to mimic matrix vesicles (MVs) and to verify their function in improving the stability of collagen and promoting biomineralization. Methods PMVs were prepared from natural platelet membrane fragments and then the morphology, particle size, protein retention of PMVs were characterized. Then the anti-enzymatic properties were reflected by testing the concentration of hydroxyproline after PMVs were in contact with collagen for 1 h. In addition, the demineralized dentins treated with PMVs were incubated in artificial saliva for 1 week or 3 weeks for remineralization. Finally, their mineralization effects were observed through SEM, EDS, XRD. The control group was treated with deionized water. Results PMVs can promote the cross-linking of collagen to inhibit the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen and therefore could restrain the degradation of type I collagen from collagenase. Furthermore, the bioinspired nanovesicles can penetrate into the deep dentinal tubules due to their stable nanostructure, and provide nucleation sites and templates for nascent mineral crystals. The newly formed minerals can effectively seal the dentinal tubules. Conclusions PMVs can improve collagen stability by strengthening crosslinking and promote remineralization of dentin surfaces and deep inside dentin tubules, finally repairing damaged dentin effectively. Significance This strategy uses "artificial MVs" derived from platelet membranes for the biomineralization of dentin, bringing new prospects for hard tissue repair in clinical practice.