Microbial Enzymes: Role in Soil Fertility

Chemical, biochemical, and physicochemical reactions are all involved in nutrient cycling in soil. Enzymes catalyze all biochemical processes in soil. Soil enzymes catalyze several biochemical processes that ensure the transformation of organic materials and the release of inorganic nutrients for plant growth and nutrient cycling. As a result of the significant role played by soil enzymes in improving the fertility of soil, an in-depth evaluation of the influence of soil microbial enzymes on the fertility of soil is essential for effective maintenance of soil fertility, utilization of soil resources, and enhancement of plant productivity. This chapter discusses (1) the detailed role of soil microbial enzymes in improving the fertility of soil, (2) the mechanisms of action of soil enzymes, and (3) the factors influencing the enzyme activity in soil.