Towards a Shade Tolerant Monolithically Interconnected Perovskite Module for use in Four Terminal Tandem Devices

During partial shading of a monolithically interconnected cell string, the shaded cells can operate at a reversed voltage. This negative voltage can lead to degradation of the shaded cell. For a successful practical application of large area Perovskite modules (e.g. in four terminal tandems) a shade tolerant top module is required. In this study electrical simulations on various shading and interconnection scenarios have been performed. The simulations showed that the magnitude of reverse bias can be kept low when strings are connected in parallel, and at least one of the strings is not shaded.