The medical life cycle of surgery in Iran: past and present

In this chapter, the oldest of surgery in ancient Iran from cranial trephination to the discovery of the first known artificial eye (dating back to 2800 BCE) is presented. Also there is presentation that in Old Persian (which dates back to 1000 BCE) group of special physician that were recognized as surgeon worked with a knife. The different instruments development in surgery with respect to bone replacement, bloodletting, anesthetic procedures, development of proper surgical, and postoperative care unit were presented different eras in Iran.