Factors influencing blue-collar workers’ participation in Worksite Health Promotion Programs in transport and logistics: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)

Abstract Background Blue-collar workers in transport and logistics report a high risk of developing chronic diseases, partly due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Worksite health promotion programs may be able to promote a healthier lifestyle, but participation by blue-collar workers in these programs is relatively low. As a result, the current study aimed to further examine psychological and contextual factors that can explain participation of blue-collar workers in these programs within the transport and logistics sector. Methods Semi-structured interviews were held with 32 blue-collar workers in transport and logistics in the Netherlands (94% male, 81% driver, mean age 48 (SD=11)). Interview guides were based on the Theoretical Domains Framework and were used to assess perceived determinants that influence participation. Interviews were transcribed and coded deductively to determine relevant domains, and inductively with the constant comparison method to determine key themes within and between relevant domains. Results From these codes seven themes emerged, namely: (1) information sometimes too abstract or too complex (2) it takes wake-up calls to make lifestyle priority, (3) autonomy and individual freedom are important, (4) distrust towards worksite health promotion programs, (5) doers instead of talkers, (6) need for personal contact and acknowledgement, and (7) little stimulation at home and at work. Conclusions The results revealed that the Theoretical Domains Framework proved to be a useful tool for developing the interview guide. All groups of possible determinants (capability, opportunity and motivation) could be assessed. With these insights we were able to formulate recommendations for companies to enhance the participation of blue-collar workers in worksite health promotion programs.