Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Lyophilized Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz Berries as Pre-treatment for Enhanced Anthocyanin Recovery

The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lyophilized berries of Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz was studied as possible pre-treatment for enhanced anthocyanin recovery. Effect of pressure, temperature, and process time on the extracted oil yields and on the anthocyanins recovery in the pre-treated fractions were considered. The operating parameters were optimized using the central composite design, and extractions were run in the pressure, temperature, and time ranges of 99.6 to 200.4 bar, 36.6 to 53.4 degrees C, and 0.7-2.3 h. The successive multiple regression analysis indicated pressure and time as major influencing parameters on the extraction yield. Those parameters induced no clear changes in the fatty acid composition of almost all the extracted oils, obtaining an aver-age linoleic acid amount between 35-44 % weight in the lipophilic fractions. Standard-ized methanol extractions demonstrated the influence of the different conditions in the SCO2 pre-treatment processes, resulting in extracted anthocyanin increments ranging from 9 to 26 %.