Carbon-Based Hybrid Materials for Remediation Technology

Emerging contaminations (ECs) have been discovered in water (municipal, drinking, and groundwater), food sources, soil, and aquatic bodies. These ECs may be from industrial, agriculture, hospital, and laboratory waste. ECs might alter reproductive functions in males and females, increase the chance of breast cancer, alter growth patterns, cause changes in immune function, and delay neurodevelopment in children. In this context, several nanomaterials (NMs), mainly carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and graphene have been effectively used in the removal of ECs from water due to their unique characteristics. This chapter focuses on synthesizing CNMs using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and liquid-phase exfoliation processes. We also discuss the removal ECs, mainly pharmaceutical compounds, endocrine disruptor compounds, and personal care products based on metal incorporation, surface functionalization, and polymeric composite materials.