Introduction to Carbon Capture by Solvent‐based Technologies

Currently, a sizable share of the world׳s fossil fuel emissions come from major point sources, including industrial processes or power generation. This trend is expected to continue beyond 2030. Absorption (solvent-based technology) is a carbon capture method that appears to be the closest approach to being applied at the industrial scale and it is expected to reduce CO2 emissions from stationary point sources. Absorption is one of the most commercially mature technology to achieve carbon emission reduction targets economically and sustainably. This study provides an update on the current state of large-scale integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies that uses solvent absorption for the removal of CO2. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the development of amine-based solvents, advanced salts of amino acids, carbonate systems, hydroxide systems, ionic liquids, and novel solvents (hybrid solvents). These newly proposed solvents are intended to lower the total carbon capture cost by enhancing CO2 absorption rates and CO2 capture capacity, thereby reducing the size of the equipment, and lowering the solvent regeneration׳s energy demand.