Novel Targeting Therapy for Colorectal Cancer with Special Emphasis on KRAS and PI3K Pathway

Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, is the third leading cause of cancer-related death for both men and women worldwide. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) report (WHO), in 2020, around 10% of the total world population is affected by CRC. The progression of polyps in the colon region leads to the formation of CRC. However, various multiple signaling pathways are involved in CRC progression, such as adenoma-carcinoma sequence (APC), Microsatellite instability pathways, CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP), etc. Various biomarkers are available, which help in the ease of diagnosis of CRC. The utilization of various novel therapies promotes a key role for CRC patients, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and anti-angiogenesis agents. Chemotherapy deals with single or multiple agents, whereas targeted therapy directly attacks the cancerous cells and does not cause any harm to normal cells. Although for mCRC, the USFDA approved the three anti-VEGF (Vascular 194endothelial growth factor) agents, such as Bevacizumab, Ziv-Aflibercept, and Ramucirumab. This review highlights novel remedies of CRC, also various delivery system, and their clinical findings. The present study also discusses the molecular markers for CRC.