2D Nanomaterials-based Heterostructures for H2O Splitting and CO2 Reduction

The growing global energy demand as a result of population growth and rapid industrialization has jeopardized natural reservoirs and the environment. Photocatalysis is regarded as a sustainable technology capable of meeting future energy demands while minimizing environmental impact. In particular, photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water splitting is critical for producing pure hydrogen fuel at a low cost, while CO2 reduction is critical for producing green hydrocarbon solar fuels. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with distinctive structural features show promise as photocatalysts for hydrogen generation and CO2 reduction processes. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures, with an emphasis on hybridization, defect engineering, and morphology optimization for photocatalytic hydrogen generation and CO2 reduction applications. This chapter covers several categories of 2D nanomaterials, including oxides, oxyhalides, chalcogenides, graphene, g-C3N4, black phosphorous, MXenes, layered double hydroxides, and other emerging 2D layered materials.