Recent Advances in Studying Toll-like Receptors with the Use of Computational Methods

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteinsthat recognizevarious molecular patterns and activate signaling that triggers theimmune response. In this review, our goal is to summarize how, inrecent years, various computational solutions have contributed toa better understanding of TLRs, regarding both their function andmechanism of action. We update the recent information about small-moleculemodulators and expanded the topic toward next-generation vaccine design,as well as studies of the dynamic nature of TLRs. Also, we underlineproblems that remain unsolved.