De novo prostate cancer in renal transplant recipients: A single-center study.

326 Background: Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are at an increased risk of developing solid organ malignancies. Given improved allograft survival and life expectancy, the incidence of prostate cancer (PC) in RTRs appears to be increasing. Previous studies have reported the incidence of PC among RTRs to be between 0.3% and 3.24%. Limited data is available on the clinical characteristics, treatment, predictive markers, and outcomes of PC in RTRs. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective study of male RTRs who developed PC. We collected the following data on RTRs who underwent transplantation between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2019: baseline demographics, cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), duration of dialysis prior to RT, type of RT (cadaveric vs. living donor), immunosuppressive regimen, interval from RT to diagnosis of PC, stage of PC, type of treatment received, allograft survival, and overall survival (OS) were collected. Results: Among 1093 male RTRs, 15 (1.37%) developed PC. The median age at diagnosis of PC was 60 (range, 49-75) years. Subject races were African American (n=7), Hispanic (n=3), White (n=3), and other (n=2). The median duration from transplant to diagnosis of PC was 72 (range, 12-156) months. PC was diagnosed at stage I in 13 patients, stage II in 1 patient, and stage IV in 1 patient. The management of these patients consisted of local radiation (LR) alone in 6 patients, LR with leuprolide therapy in 6 patients, and radical prostatectomy alone in 1 patient. The patient with stage IV PC was treated with leuprolide and abiraterone acetate and remains progression free at follow-up of 41 months. The 5-year OS for this cohort of patients was 73.3%. Allograft function was preserved in 13 patients 12 months after diagnosis of PC. No PC-related mortality was noted. Conclusions: The incidence of PC in our analysis appears to be consistent with prior published studies. Most of our RTRs with PC had early-stage disease with excellent 5-year survival. The current standard-of-care treatment modalities for PC appear to be effective in the management of these patients. Allograft function was preserved in the majority of RTRs with PC in this study. Further research is required to evaluate the predictive factors for developing PC in RTR.