#4318 association of plant protein intake and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: the uk biobank study

Abstract Background and Aims Dietary intake from various protein sources can affect health differently. However, the association between plant protein intake and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. Method Using the UK Biobank prospective cohort, we included 117,809 participants who completed more than one dietary questionnaire and had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 mg/g, and no prior history of CKD. The main predictor was the daily plant protein intake, assessed with a web-based 24-hour recall questionnaire. The primary outcome was incident CKD, based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) or Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Classification of Interventions and Procedures, version 4 (OPCS-4) codes. We additionally analyzed this association in 37,955 participants with primary care-linked data for eGFR and UACR. We used strictly defined CKD based on ICD-10 and OPCS-4 codes or two consecutive measures of eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or UACR >30 mg/g. Results During the median follow-up of 9.9 years, incident CKD occurred in 3745 (3.2%) participants (incidence rate, 3.2 per 1,000 person-years). In a multivariable cause-specific model, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for the second, third, and highest quartiles were 0.91 (0.83-0.99), 0.79 (0.71-0.87), and 0.75 (0.64-0.85), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. In a continuous model, the aHR (95% CIs) per 0.1 g/kg/day increase in plant protein intake was 0.91 (0.88-0.94). This beneficial association was also consistent in the secondary analysis with strictly defined CKD and various sensitivity analyses. Conclusion This large prospective cohort study showed that increased dietary plant protein intake was associated with a lower risk of CKD.