Transition metal-modification of carrageenan-silica hybrids by a sol–gel method

Transition metal (TM)-modification of silica matrices are found in numerous materials for diverse applications. In other related hybrid materials, one tries to explore properties that result from combining the silica network with organic moieties, such as in the covalent grafting of polysaccharides onto amorphous nanosilicas. However, sol–gel routes for modification with TM have been less explored for hybrid siliceous materials. The present study demonstrates the effective modification of hybrid siliceous materials with TM (TM = Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ ) that result from a sol–gel method that uses as a precursor the polysaccharide κ-carrageenan that was modified with a covalently alkoxysilane linked. Structural analysis and characterization studies of the derived carrageenan-silica hybrids were undertaken, and, in particular, the effects of the TM ions on the hybrids’ properties have been assessed. This work clearly indicates that the modification with TM imposes changes on the morphological, optical, and thermal properties of the hybrids compared to the unmodified analogs. Hence, the practical applicability of the modification with TM using the sol–gel described here is not limited to the presence of the guest ion but also provides a tool for changing the properties of the host particles. Graphical Abstract Well-defined spheroidal shape ĸ-carrageenan silica particles doped with transition metals (Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) prepared using a sol–gel method.