Role of Actinomycetes from different habitats as a potential source for the production of novel bioactive compounds: A Review

These days, actinomycetes are a good source of producing bioactive compounds that are used for drug discovery with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, enzyme inhibition, anticancer and anti-protozoan potential for industrial or medical purposes. Lots of research have been conducted on marine actinomycetes for their potential activity. Extreme environmental sources are less explored for actinomycetes as a potential organism for bioactive compounds potentially because of the difficulties in laboratory handling conditions. Extreme natural habitats are one of the best sources of bioactive compounds produced from actinomycetes as the hot spring area is the origin of thermophilic bacteria as well as actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are observed as a powerhouse to be the bulk patent origin for the production of novel bioactive compounds. In recent years, bioactive compounds from actinomycetes are becoming very useful for new drug discovery and commercial purposes. Actinomycetes species are laborious to cultivate and the production of their desirable metabolites is insufficient in terms of cost and quantity. However, bioinformatics, nucleotide sequencing and metagenomics next-generation tools are continuously developing. The natural hot spring ecosystem can also allow the useful new origin of bioactive compounds diversity with innovative new actinomycetes species compared to the marine ecosystem. We need to focus on all new possible terrestrial ecosystems for discovering novel actinomycetes species to derive potential bioactive compounds from them.