Flexible dual-functionalized hyaluronic acid hydrogel adhesives formed in situ for rapid hemostasis

Hydrogel adhesives integrating both rapid and strong adhesion to blooding tissues and biocompatibility are highly desired for fast hemostasis. Herein, a flexible hyaluronic acid hydrogel adhesive is fabricated via pho-tocrosslinking of the solution originating from dopamine-conjugated maleic hyaluronic acid (DMHA) in situ. The introduction of acrylate groups with high substitutions into the hydrogel matrix endows the adhesive with rapid gelation and strong tissue adhesion properties through photopolymerization. Moreover, the high substitution of catechol groups with unoxidized state can not only induce red blood cell aggregation and platelets adhesion but also adhere to wound tissue to further enhance hemostasis. Based on its bio-adhesion and procoagulant activity, the DMHA hydrogel formed in situ reveals superior hemostatic performance in the rat liver injury model and noncompressible hemorrhage model, and rabbit femoral artery puncture model, compared to commercial products (gauze, absorbable gelatin sponge) and oxidized DMHA (SMHA) hydrogel. Besides, the hydrogel exhibited good adaptability, biodegradability, and superior cytocompatibility as well as negligible inflammation. This hydrogel adhesive is a promising biological adhesive for hemorrhage control.