Inpatient epidemiology, healthcare utilization and association with comorbidities of turner syndrome: a national inpatient sample study

We aimed to investigate the prevalence, resource utilization, and comorbidities of patients with Turner syndrome (TS) hospitalized in the United States. We identified patients within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from the year 2017 to 2019. A propensity-matched cohort of non-TS patients from the same database was constructed to serve as comparators. There were 9845 TS patients, corresponding to inpatient prevalence of 10.4 per 100,000 admissions. The most common admission diagnosis was sepsis (27.9%). TS patients had higher inpatient mortality (adjusted odds ratio 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.57-2.96) and morbidity, including shock, ICU admission, acute kidney injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi-organ failure. Increased risk of comorbidities, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, autoimmune diseases, and non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding, was observed. TS patients had longer length of stay (LOS; 5.1 days vs. 4.5 days, p < 0.01) and displayed a mean additional $5382 (p < 0.01) in total hospital costs and a mean additional $20,083 (p < 0.01) in total hospitalization charges. In conclusion, hospitalization of patients with TS was associated with a significantly higher inpatient morbidity, mortality, expenditures, and longer LOS compared to non-TS patients. Patients with TS had a higher risk of cardiovascular complications, autoimmune diseases, and gastrointestinal bleeding.