Photoelectrochemistry of two-dimensional and layered materials: a brief review

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have unique band structure and show a great promise for optoelectronic and solar energy harvesting applications. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes are intensively studied employing these materials, due to their high specific surface area, and the possibility of surface modification by defect engineering/catalyst deposition. The PEC activity of different 2D and layered materials was scrutinized for water oxidation/reduction and for inorganic ion oxidation by a statistical analysis to reveal any specific trends. Furthermore, some frequently studied performance improvement strategies (i.e., heterojunctions, tunnelling, and co‒catalysts) are also discussed. Overall, exploring novel materials of 2D family, and new directions are both needed to initiate further discussions and additional research activity, which might enable to harness the full potential of these exciting materials.