Analysis of climate extremes indices in tropical South America through the RegCM4.7

In recent decades, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events induced by global warming have increased significantly, exerting serious impacts on the development of society and ecosystems. Based on low (RCP2.6) and high (RCP8.5) greenhouse gas emissions scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we use the general circulation model HadGEM2-ES that is part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to drive the regional climate model RegCM4.7. This study evaluated the ability of both models to simulate (1986-2005) and projection (2080-2099) spatio-temporal features of extreme indices over tropical South America (TSA). Indices based on precipitation and daily maximum and minimum temperature follow the definitions of the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). In general, the RegCM4.7 reproduces accordingly the spatial distribution of the ETCCDI indices derived from precipitation and temperature on the TSA, in addition to added value to HadGEM2-ES, especially over regions of complex topography. HadGEM2-ES performs poorly along the west coast, due to the topography and altitude of the Andes. On the other hand, it demonstrates better performance in the Amazon Basin compared to RegCM4.7. The projection results showed that climate extreme indices based on precipitation and temperature indicate that drought events may advance to the end of the century, showing a spatial pattern that precipitation will be gradually reduced in the Amazon Basin and Northeast region of Brazil. Despite some discrepancies between the models, studies like this one help us to understand how climate change can affect regional planning and development.