Roles of montmorillonite clay on the kinetics and morphology of CO2 hydrate in hydrate-based CO2 sequestration

•Delamination and the electric field induced by clay particle shortens induction time.•Delayed growth kinetics observed in clay suspension with increasing mass fraction.•Water migration and clay agglomeration yielded the stratification of CO2 hydrate and clay layer.•Heterogeneous spatial distribution of CO2 hydrate observed in formation and dissociation.