Exploring Dwell-time from Human Cognitive Processes for Dwell Selection.

In order to develop future implicit interactions, it is important to understand the duration a user needs to recognize a visual object. By providing interactions that are triggered after a user recognizes an object, confusion resulting from the discrepancy between completing a cognitive process, which we define as the process from perceiving a visual stimulus to determining a selection, and triggering an interaction can be reduced. To understand this duration, we developed a model to derive dwell-times, allowing dwell selection to be performed after completing a cognitive process based on the Model Human Processor and the number of fixations. Our model revealed a minimum dwell-time of 144.2 ms for a colored target selection task. For an image selection task, the minimum dwell-time was 272.5 ms, which increased to 835.8 ms when a participant had not previously fixated on the object.