Factors Affecting Online Learning Motivation of Vietnamese Students: Perceptions of Pre-service Teachers in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic to the New Normal

The study analyzes the responses of 853 pre-service teachers on the influence levels of factors affecting online learning motivation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. The sociological research method through online questionnaires via Google Forms and SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the results of the influence of the groups of factors on online learning motivation (OLM). According to the findings, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors proposed in the study are positively correlated with the online learning motivation of pre-service teachers, confirming the initial assumption that all groups of variables are having a "+" relationship with the online learning motivation of pre-service teachers in Viet Nam in the context of online adaptation to the pandemic. Notably, the strongest correlations are in the instructor/lecturer and the engagement of the family and society variables, with the latter being the "infrastructure, technology and learning resources” variable. This has suggested a stronger family-school-community relationship, the important role of instructors, and the need to improve the quality of infrastructure and technology to maintain online learning motivation and ensure social justice in learning for students with difficult circumstances. These will ensure maximum support to groups of students living in rural or mountainous areas and islands (digital gap) while reconstructing the higher education system in Viet Nam in the "new normal".