Supply chain traceability: a case of blockchain modelling application to agro-business product in India

As products move from production to consumption, an agri-food value chain is a complicated system; it should be traceable to its origin, maintaining customers' health. Farm-to-fork food safety and quality certifications have become mandatory and should follow the Food Safety and Standards Act. But, in reality, this is not happening. Pressure regulates by the end users because of malpractices during harvest, additional toxic chemicals, and illicit trades. Adopting data-driven practices demanded due to malpractices and pressure regulation forces researchers to develop better traceable value chain systems. A blockchain-based solution applicable to agri-foods (securing the real-time exchange of information with centralised structure intermediaries) is proposed. It adheres to standards of safety throughout the supply chain. Considering the perishability, fruits are taken as a domain for validation. The proposed solution makes a significant addition to the existing literature on Indian agri-food, which is substantial in the traceability and safety of agri-food products.