Extracting Information for Creating SAPPhIRE Model of Causality from Natural Language Descriptions

Structured representations from natural language descriptions of biological and engineered systems are a good source of inspiration in analogical design. Researchers proposed methods for developing knowledge representations from such documents, to make them conducive for use as a source of analogy. Ontology-based representations, such as FBS, SBF, SAPPhIRE, etc. are effective in analogical design, but manually creating accurate descriptions using these models is both time- and resource-intensive.