HSDVS-DPoS: A Secure and Heterogeneous DPoS Consensus Protocol Using Heterogeneous Strong Designated Verifier Signature

With the rapid development of blockchain, in which the nodes may use different cryptographic mechanism to achieve the secure consensus, research on a secure and heterogeneous consensus protocol is becoming a hot issue. Based on the idea of electronic voting, coercion-resistance and receipt-freeness are introduced for consensus protocol to prevent vote buying and candidate cheating. And then, a secure and heterogeneous DPoS consensus protocol using heterogeneous designated verifier signature is presented, which has authentication, secrecy, anonymity, fairness, coercion-resistance, verifiability and receipt-freeness. After that, the proposed DPoS consensus protocol is implemented on eclipse platform using the Java language. The experimental results show that the throughput and the time of producing blocks stay stable over 15–5000 of the number of nodes.