A Comprehensive Review for the Optimal Deployment of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Solution Techniques

The present concern regarding the ever-increasing need for energy, the finite capacity of non-renewable fuel sources, and global warming caused by climate change have forced the introduction of a carbon emission-free mode of transportation. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a green option for reducing dependency on fossil fuels and pollution. The global use of electric vehicles increases, forcing researchers to pay more attention to the vulnerabilities of EV charging stations (CS). However, charging infrastructure is the main hurdle for the increasing market of EVs. Further, the deployment of CS can affect the distribution network, EV user, and CS owner. Therefore, in this paper, the optimal location of CS is analyzed under the three perspectives: CS owner perspective, EV user perspective, and distribution network operator perspective. Furthermore, problem formulation perspectives, objective functions, cost functions, and constraints are also detailed to prepare the optimization problem for the deployment of charging stations.