Mycosynthesis of Nanobiomaterials and Their Wound Healing, Antimicrobial, and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities

The “conflict” between humans and diseases caused by pathogens has been a continuous war for centuries which has resulted into the death of a large number of humans. Despite the discovery of several synthetic drugs for the eradication of pathogenic diseases, the massive abuse of these drugs has caused the pathogens to develop resistance genes toward available medications used for preventing and curing pathogenic diseases. Nanotechnology has been discovered as a crucial tool for the synthesis of nanomaterials with important applications such as wound healing, antimicrobial, and biofilm activities and many other merits across several fields. A significant number of researchers have validated the synthesis of nanobiomaterials from microorganisms. Among other methods used for the synthesis of nanomaterials, mycosynthesis of nanomaterials is attractive because it enhances high yields of protein production, and easy handling with little or no toxicity. Likewise, this synthetic process helps in coating the nanomaterials with biomolecules found in organism cells, which can improve its stability and may promote its biological efficiency. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive information on the wound healing, antimicrobial, and biofilm inhibitory activities of mycosynthesized nanobiomaterials. Furthermore, this review significantly summarized the synthetic processes, optimum conditions, and characterization tools required for the mycosynthesis of nanabiomaterials.