Study on Multi-Scale Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Trade-Offs and Synergies between Ecosystem Services in Jiangxi Province

The trade-offs and synergies reveal the profit and loss relationship between ecosystem services, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of natural resources. The ecosystem services in Jiangxi Province, such as net primary productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC) and water yield (WY) during 2000-2020, were estimated in this study. The correlation coefficient was adopted to analyze the trade-offs and synergies between the three ecosystem services by static space correlation and dynamic space correlation from such perspectives as Watershed, county and grid. Moreover, the influence of the three ecosystem services and the relations between them were explored from four aspects: landform, NDVI, accumulated temperature and precipitation. The results showed that the ecological environment quality in Jiangxi Province was improved and that the distribution of ecosystem services had significant regional characteristics. In the static analysis, ecosystem services at all scales were remarkably synergistic, and synergies weakened rapidly and even turned into trade-offs as the scale decreased. In the dynamic analysis, ecosystem services at all scales were mainly synergistic; the proportion of significant samples was much lower than that in the static analysis, the degree of trade-offs/synergies decreased with the decrease in scale, and the decrease was smaller than that in the static analysis. The major constraints for SC were landform and NDVI. The main constraint for WY was precipitation, and that for NPP was NDVI. Affected by various factors, NPP and SC were stably synergistic, NPP and WY were in a stable trade-off relationship, and the relationship between SC and WY was unstable. The trade-offs and synergies changed with factors and zoning.