Simulation of Electron Density Disturbance in the Lower Ionosphere Caused by Thundercloud Electrostatic Fields

In this study, we simulated the electron density disturbance at night in the bottom of the ionosphere caused by the electrostatic field in a thundercloud. The simulation was conducted using the charge of the thundercloud as the source, by incorporating a more up-to-date conductivity profile, and using the ion chemistry model for the lower ionosphere. The results revealed that a thundercloud charge of 30-100 C can cause a disturbance in the electron density in the lower ionosphere, decreasing to 40% of the original value or increasing to 160% of the original value. The electron density disturbance occurs mainly below an altitude of 80 km, and its peak is located at an altitude of 70 km, with a regional horizontal radius of about 50-75 km. The simulation results of this study improve the theory of Salem et al and extend the original one-dimensional model to three-dimensional space.