Gingival crevicular fluid galectin-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels in stage 3 periodontitis with grade B and C

Objectives This study aims to evaluate GCF Galectin-3 and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-β) levels in different grades (B and C) of stage 3 periodontitis, concurrently, and also to investigate their discriminative efficiencies in periodontal diseases. Materials and methods A total of 80 systemically healthy and non-smoker individuals, 20 stage 3 grade C (S3GC) periodontitis 20 stage 3 grade B (S3GB) periodontitis, 20 gingivitis, and 20 periodontally healthy were enrolled. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF Galectin-3 and IL-1β total amounts were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used for estimating the area under the curve (AUC). Results Galectin-3 and IL-1β were detected in all participants. Both periodontitis groups had significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 total amounts than periodontally healthy controls ( p <0.05). S3GC periodontitis group had also significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 levels than gingivitis group ( p <0.05). GCF IL-1β levels in periodontitis groups were higher than gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups ( p <0.05). Galectin-3 exhibited an AUC value of 0.89 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health, an AUC value of 0.87 with 80% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis versus gingivitis, while an AUC value of 0.85 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GB periodontitis from healthy controls. Conclusions GCF Galectin-3 levels are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Galectin-3 showed excellent diagnostic performances to discriminate S3GB and S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health and gingivitis. Clinical relevance The present findings suggest that GCF Galectin-3 levels may be useful in the diagnosis of the periodontal diseases.