On the Horizon: Specific Applications of Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology

Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to summarize the current research and critically examine artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their applicability to the daily practice of anesthesiologists. Recent Findings Novel AI tools are developed using data from electronic health records, imaging, waveforms, clinical notes, and wearables. These tools can accurately predict the perioperative risk for adverse outcomes, the need for blood transfusion, and the risk of difficult intubation. Intraoperatively, AI models can assist with technical skill augmentation, patient monitoring, and management. Postoperatively, AI technology can aid in preventing complications and discharge planning. While further prospective validation is needed, these early applications demonstrate promise in every area of perioperative care. Summary The practice of anesthesiology is at a precipice fueled by technological innovation. The clinical AI implementation would enable personalized and safer patient care by offering actionable insights from the wealth of perioperative data.