Contrasting the Biophysical and Radiative Effects of Rising CO2 Concentrations on Ozone Dry Deposition Fluxes

The dry deposition of ozone from the atmosphere to ecosystems is an important coupling mechanism between atmospheric chemistry and terrestrial biogeochemical processes. In most Earth system models, dry deposition is simulated using a resistor-in-series approach that aims to parameterize the governing biological, chemical, and physical processes through a series of functional approximations. Here, we evaluate the influence of carbon cycle-climate responses on this parameterization using the results of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model v1.1 Biogeochemistry simulation campaign. This simulation campaign was designed in part to explore the biophysical and radiative effects of rising historical CO2 concentrations on the Earth system. We find that while the global annual ozone dry deposition is relatively insensitive to these effects, regionally the influence can be up to 10%. The strongest regional sensitivities in ozone dry deposition are predominantly in higher latitudes over land in the northern hemisphere and are dominated by the radiative effect of CO2, with little net influence of biophysical responses. Of all the impacts of the radiative effect of CO2, we point to the potential importance of accurately representing ozone deposition to snow in Earth System Models and provide recommendations for future simulation campaigns.