A butterfly effect: From a single nucleotide to altered immunity

Proteoforms show subtle differences that are difficult to detect. Generated by single-nucleotide polymorphism or post-translational modifications, they are challenging to analyze and difficult to design for therapeutic applications. In this issue of Chem, Robinson and co-workers present a systematic native mass spectrometry (MS) study in which the fine modulations of SERPIN proteoforms are linked to their activity.