Taste receptor T1R3 in nasal cilia detects Staphylococcus aureus D-amino acids to increase apical glucose uptake and enhance innate immunity

Bitter (T2R) and sweet/umami (T1R) taste receptors serve chemosensory roles throughout the body. In airway cilia, T2Rs detect bacterial metabolites to stimulate bactericidal nitric oxide. T1Rs in solitary chemosensory cells detect glucose in airway surface liquid (ASL) and bacterial D-stereoisomer amino acids to regulate antimicrobial peptides. Using differentiated air-liquid interface cultures of primary nasal cells, we show that the T1R3 receptor is also expressed in human and mouse nasal cell cilia. D-amino acids produced at low mM concentrations by Staphylococcus aureus activate T1R3 to decrease ASL glucose and increase apical glucose uptake by increasing GLUT2 and GLUT10 expression through a β-arrestin pathway. Our data suggests that T1R3 localized to cilia functions as an immune detector for D-amino acids to reduce ASL glucose and potentially limit bacterial growth. Given that glucose protected S. aureus against bactericidal NO produced during T2R activation, the reduced ASL glucose with T1R3 activation may also sensitize bacteria to other innate defenses. HIGHLIGHTS ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.