Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella aerogenes Strains Isolated from Clinical Specimens: A Twenty-Year Surveillance Study.

We retrospectively analyzed the antimicrobial data of spp. strains isolated from hospitalized subjects and outpatients over 20 years (2000-2019). A total of 2277 non-duplicate spp. isolates, 1037 from outpatients (45%) and 1240 from hospitalized subjects (55%), were retrieved. Most of samples are infections of the urinary tract. Considering now classified as and , representing more than 90% of all isolates, except for aminoglycosides and fluroquinolones, which showed significant antibiotic decreasing trends ( < 0.01), none of the other antimicrobial agents tested showed significant changes in both groups ( > 0.05). Conversely, there was a significant increasing resistance trend for fosfomycin ( < 0.01), among both community and hospital-related subjects, most probably owing to uncontrolled and improper usage. Surveillance studies on antibiotic resistance at the local and regional level are required to detect new resistance mechanisms, reduce inappropriate antimicrobial consumption, and increase the focus on antimicrobial stewardship.