First detection and genome analysis of simple nosed bat polyomaviruses in Central Europe

Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are known to infect a diverse range of vertebrate host species. We report the discovery of PyVs in vesper bats (family Vespertilionidae) from sampling in Central Europe. Seven partial VP1 sequences from different PyVs were detected in samples originating from six distinct vesper bat species. Using a methodology based on conserved segments within the major capsid virus protein 1 (VP1) among known PyVs, the complete genomes of two different novel bat PyVs were determined. The genetic distances of the large T antigen coding sequences from these PyVs compared to previously-described bat PyVs exceeded 15% meriting classification as representatives of two novel PyV species: Alphapolyomavirus epserotinus and Alphapolyomavirus myodau- bentonii. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both belong to the genus Alphapolyomavirus and clustered together with high confidence in clades including other bat alphapolyomaviruses reported from China, South America and Africa. In silico protein modeling of the VP1 subunits and capsid pentamers, and electrostatic surface potential comparison of the pentamers showed significant differences between the reference template (murine poly- omavirus) and the novel bat PyVs. An electrostatic potential difference pattern between the two bat VP1 pen- tamers was also revealed. Disaccharide molecular docking studies showed that the reference template and both bat PyVs possess the typical shallow sialic acid-binding site located between two VP1 subunits, with relevant oligosaccharide-binding affinities. The characterisation of these novel bat PyVs and the reported properties of their capsid proteins will potentially contribute in the elucidation of the conditions creating the host-pathogen restrictions associated with these viruses.