The Analysis of Infrared Spectra and All Spectral Bands of Kernels, Endosperm, Pericarp and the Germ of Maize Hybrids: The Identification of Orbanic Molecules with the Excited State of Functional Groups and Valence Bonds

The paper presents studies on the kernel, endosperm, pericarp and germ of high-yielding maize hybrid ZP 684 intended for extensive feeding of livestock. The modern American infrared spectroscopy method (Attenuated Total Reflectance—ATR) was applied to record ATR-spectra and observe all spectral bands (of very high, high, low and very low intensity) of kernels, endosperms, percarps and germs. According to performed studies and analyzes the following can be stated: ATR spectra of kernels, endosperm, pericarp and the germ are characterized by all their spectral bands with several parameters: the number of bands within the spectrum, intensity, kinetics and the distribution of the site of the origin of bands in the wavenumber range of 400–4000 cm –1 . Spectral bands of very high and high intensity were also characterized by the all stated parameters. These spectral bands provided the identification of organic molecules, their fragments and other molecular structures. In case of spectral bands of the kernel, endosperm, pericarp and the germ of very high and high intensity, the following organic compounds can be identified: proteins, carotenoids, cellulose, lipids, carboxylic acids, ethers, amino acids, protein amides, alkanes, sugars, carbohydrates, ketones, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and amines. Spectral bands of the kernel, endosperm, pericarp and the germ of low and very low intensity were also characterized by the stated parameters, especially by the frequency of vibrations of valence bonds of functional groups of organic molecules. These spectral bands provided the occurrence of various forms of excited states of organic molecules.