Editorial Commentary: Baseline Radiomic Signature to Estimate Overall Survival in Patients With NSCLC.

Introduction: We aimed to define a baseline radiomic signature associated with overall survival (OS) using baseline computed tomography (CT) images obtained from patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab or chemotherapy.Methods: The radiomic signature was developed in pa-tients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab in CheckMate-017,-026, and-063. Nivolumab-treated patients were pooled and randomized to training, calibration, or valida-tion sets using a 2:1:1 ratio. From baseline CT images, volume of tumor lesions was semiautomatically segmented, and 38 radiomic variables depicting tumor phenotype were extracted. Association between the radiomic signature and OS was assessed in the nivolumab-treated (validation set) and chemotherapy-treated (test set) patients in these studies.Results: A baseline radiomic signature was identified using CT images obtained from 758 patients. The radio -mi c signature used a combination of imaging variables (spatial correlation, tumor volume in the liver, and tumorvolume in the mediastinal lymph nodes) to output a continuous value, ranging from 0 to 1 (from most to least favorable estimated OS). Given a threshold of 0.55, the sensitivity and specificity of the radiomic signature for predicting 3-month OS were 86% and 77.8%, respec-tively. The signature was identified in the training set of patients treated with nivolumab and was significantly associated (p < 0.0001) with OS in patients treated with nivolumab or chemotherapy. Conclusions: The radiomic signature provides an early readout of the anticipated OS in patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab or chemotherapy. This could pro-vide important prognostic information and may support risk stratification in clinical trials. (c) 2023 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).