Transport limited adsorption experiments give a new lower estimate of the turnover frequency of Escherichia coli hydrogenase 1

Protein Film Electrochemistry is a technique in which a redox enzyme is directly wired to an electrode, which substitutes for the natural redox partner. In this technique, the electrical current flowing through the electrode is proportional to the catalytic activity of the enzyme. However, in most cases, the amount of enzyme molecules contributing to the current is unknown and the absolute turnover frequency cannot be determined. Here, we observe the formation of electrocatalytically active films of hydrogenase 1 by rotating an electrode in a sub-nanomolar solution of enzyme. This process is slow, and we show that it is mass-transport limited. Measuring the rate of the immobilization allows the determination of an estimation of the turnover rate of the enzyme, which appears to be much greater than that deduced from solution assays under the same conditions.