Profiling of semiochemicals from three stored product beetles by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

This work focuses on the profiling of semiochemicals (SCS) from Callosobruchus maculatus, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique. Totally, 6, 9 and 8 volatile compounds (VCS) were detected from C. maculatus, S. oryzae and T. castaneum, respectively. As a result of pherobase analysis and preference bioassay, stearic acid (C. maculatus); nonanal, lauric acid and stearic acid (S. oryzae); stearic acid (T. castaneum) were identified as new SCS that could be useful for integrated pest management (IPM) practices.