N-glycan breakdown by bacterial CAZymes.

The modification of proteins by N-glycans is ubiquitous to most organisms and they have multiple biological functions, including protecting the adjoining protein from degradation and facilitating communication or adhesion between cells, for example. Microbes have evolved CAZymes to deconstruct different types of N-glycans and some of these have been characterised from microbes originating from different niches, both commensals and pathogens. The specificity of these CAZymes provides clues as to how different microbes breakdown these substrates and possibly cross-feed them. Discovery of CAZymes highly specific for N-glycans also provides new tools and options for modifying glycoproteins.