Exoscope and operative microscope for training in microneurosurgery: A laboratory investigation on a model of cranial approach.

The exoscope appeared to be non-inferior to the microscope in the execution of a task of timed identification of anatomical structures on a model of cranial approach carried out by our cohort of residents. In the questionnaires, the residents reported the exoscope to be superior to the microscope in eight of nine investigated domains. Further studies are needed to investigate the use of the exoscope in learning of microsurgical skills.